for “the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prohibited selling patronage or giving it away.” Allah made patronage like lineage: it belongs to the emancipator just as lineage is established through the father. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Whoever claims descent from someone other than his father, or takes patrons other than his own, incurs the curse of Allah, the angels, and all humanity. Allah will accept from him neither compensation nor ransom.”

Allah abolished the practices of the pre-Islamic age whereby a man would take another man’s son as his own, or a person would claim affiliation through emancipation with someone other than his patron. Such conduct is impermissible without a condition, so a condition cannot make permissible what was forbidden.

As for what is permissible without a condition, a condition makes it obligatory. Examples include an increase in the dower, the price, the goods sold, or the pledged security, and deferring collection of what is due. A man may give to a woman, voluntarily provide a pledge, grant a respite, and so forth. Once he stipulates this, it becomes obligatory. Once it becomes obligatory, demanding payment—which was lawful without the condition—becomes forbidden, because demanding payment was not lawful in the absence of the condition. The Lawgiver did not permit demanding payment from a debtor unconditionally. Thus, a condition does not change what is unconditionally lawful or unlawful.

As for what Allah has permitted in a particular circumstance, rather than unconditionally, if a condition changes that circumstance, it has not thereby forbidden what Allah made lawful. Likewise, regarding what Allah has forbidden in a particular circumstance, rather than unconditionally, the condition has not thereby permitted what Allah forbade, even though, without the condition, one would presume the continued applicability of the ruling of permissibility