Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

“Then marry women of your choice.”

And He says:

“Marry off the unmarried among you.”

And He says:

“Allah has permitted trade.”

And He says:

“But if they willingly give you any of it, then enjoy it with pleasure and satisfaction.”

And He says:

“Except through trade conducted by mutual consent among you.”

And He says:

“If they breastfeed for you, give them their payment.”

And He says:

“When you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down,”

—up to His words—

“Unless it is an immediate transaction that you conduct among yourselves; then there is no blame upon you if you do not write it down. Call witnesses when you trade with one another. Let neither scribe nor witness be harmed. If you do so, that is sinful conduct on your part. Fear Allah. Allah teaches you, and Allah has knowledge of all things.”

“If you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then let pledges be taken into possession.”

And He says:

“Who will lend Allah a good loan?”

And He says:

“The example of those who spend their wealth in Allah’s cause is that of a grain that grows seven ears.”

And He says:

“Allah destroys usury and increases charity.”

And He says:

“Indeed, the men and women who give charity and lend Allah a good loan—it will be multiplied for them.”

And He says:

“Then a slave must be freed.”

And He says:

“Divorce them at the proper time for their waiting period.”

And He says:

“Then either retain them honourably or release them honourably.”

There are other such verses that prescribe these contracts, either by commanding or permitting them, and prohibit some of them, such as usurious transactions. These verses support our position in several ways.

First, He makes mutual consent sufficient for a sale in His words:

“Except through trade conducted by mutual consent among you.”

And He makes willingness sufficient for a gift in His words: “But if they willingly

{فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ} وَقَالَ: {وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ} وَقَالَ: {وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ} وَقَالَ: {فَإِنْ طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا} وَقَالَ: {إلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ} وَقَالَ: {فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ} وَقَالَ: {إذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ} - إلَى قَوْلِهِ - {إلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا وَأَشْهِدُوا إذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ} {وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ} وَقَالَ: {مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا} وَقَالَ: {مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ} وَقَالَ: {يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ} . وَقَالَ: {إنَّ الْمُصَّدِّقِينَ وَالْمُصَّدِّقَاتِ وَأَقْرَضُوا اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا يُضَاعَفُ لَهُمْ} . وَقَالَ: {فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ} . وَقَالَ: {فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ} . وَقَالَ: {فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ} . إلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ الْآيَاتِ الْمَشْرُوعِ فِيهَا هَذِهِ الْعُقُودُ: إمَّا أَمْرًا وَإِمَّا إبَاحَةً وَالْمَنْهِيُّ فِيهَا عَنْ بَعْضِهَا كَالرِّبَا؛ فَإِنَّ الدَّلَالَةَ فِيهَا مِنْ وُجُوهٍ: أَحَدُهَا: أَنَّهُ اكْتَفَى بِالتَّرَاضِي فِي الْبَيْعِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {إلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ} وَبِطِيبِ النَّفْسِ فِي التَّبَرُّعِ فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَإِنْ طِبْنَ

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