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ibn al-Khattāb, may Allah be pleased with him, from Medina, Khaybar, Yanbu, al-Yamāmah, and the districts of these regions. He did not expel them from al-Shām; rather, when he conquered al-Shām, he allowed the Jews and Christians to remain in Jordan, Palestine, and elsewhere, just as he allowed them to remain in Damascus and elsewhere.
The soil of al-Shām differs from that of the Hijaz. This difference can be observed at the bend known as al-Suwān Pass: one finds that the soil there differs from the soil here, just as the soil of al-Shām differs from that of Egypt.
Whatever lies on this side of Wādī al-Munhanā belongs to al-Shām, such as Ma‘ān. As for al-‘Ulā, Tabūk, and similar places, they belong to the Hijaz. And Allah knows best.
بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنْ الْمَدِينَةِ وَخَيْبَرَ وَيَنْبُعَ وَالْيَمَامَةِ وَمَخَالِيفِ هَذِهِ الْبِلَادِ؛ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجْهُمْ مِنْ الشَّامِ؛ بَلْ لَمَّا فَتَحَ الشَّامَ أَقَرَّ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالْأُرْدُنِّ وَفِلَسْطِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا كَمَا أَقَرَّهُمْ بِدِمَشْقَ وَغَيْرِهَا. وَتُرْبَةُ الشَّامِ تُخَالِفُ تُرْبَةَ الْحِجَازِ كَمَا يُوجَدُ الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُمَا عِنْدَ الْمُنْحَنَى الَّذِي يُسَمَّى عَقَبَةَ الصُّوَانِ. فَإِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ يَجِدُ تِلْكَ التُّرْبَةَ مُخَالِفَةً لِهَذِهِ التُّرْبَةِ كَمَا تَخْتَلِفُ تُرْبَةُ الشَّامِ وَمِصْرَ.
فَمَا كَانَ دُونَ وَادِي الْمُنْحَنَى فَهُوَ مِنْ الشَّامِ:
مِثْلَ مَعَانٍ.
وَأَمَّا الْعُلَى وَتَبُوكَ وَنَحْوُهُمَا:
فَهُوَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحِجَازِ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.