Moreover, these two communities split into numerous factions over the very foundations of their religion and their beliefs concerning the One they worship and their messenger.

One group says that the divine and human substances became one substance, one nature, and one hypostasis. These are the Jacobites. Another says: Rather, they are two substances, two natures, and two hypostases. These are the Nestorians. A third affirms union in one respect but not another. These are the Melkites.

Groups of scholars among the People of the Book, both in earlier and later times, have embraced faith and emigrated to Allah and His Messenger. They have written works on the evidence in Allah’s scriptures establishing the prophethood of the Prophet, the Seal of the Messengers, and on passages in the Torah, Psalms, and Gospel that they had not reflected upon. The same applies to the disciples.

When factions arose among them, Allah, by His permission, guided those who believed to the truth concerning their disagreements. He therefore sent the Prophet whose coming had been foretold by the Messiah and the prophets before him, calling people to the faith of Abraham and the religion of the messengers before and after him: worshipping Allah alone, without any partner, and devoting all religion sincerely to Allah. He cleansed the earth of idol worship and purified religion of every form of associating partners with Allah, great or small, after idols had been worshipped in Syria and elsewhere under the rule of the Children of Israel and of those who said, “We are Christians.” He commanded belief in all of Allah’s revealed scriptures, such as the Torah, Gospel, Psalms, and Criterion, and in all of Allah’s prophets, from Adam to Muhammad.

Allah Most High says:

“They say, ‘Be Jews or Christians, and you will be guided.’ Say,