are known as “maghānī al-ʿArab,” and the like. In some forms, this involves farming the revenues of taverns. This is utterly reprehensible, unlike the levies at Sāhil al-Qiblah, where many people may nevertheless suffer injustice. However, if holders of extensive revenue grants have been granted more than their entitlement, it is not unjust for the ruler to order that some of the surplus be taken back. His grant originally consists of zakah, but unjust exactions have been added to it.

Accordingly, anyone whose revenue grant includes something of this kind should reserve the lawful, wholesome portion for his own food and drink, then the next best for other people, and the portion below that for feeding camels. The funds used for feeding horses should be better than those used for camels, since horses are nobler. He should allocate the next portion to the drummers, trumpeters, bāziyāt, and others like them.

For Allah says:

“So fear Allah as much as you are able.”

Everyone must therefore fear Allah as much as he is able. Whatever evil cannot be eliminated should be reduced as far as possible, for Allah sent the messengers to secure and perfect benefits, and to eliminate and reduce harms.