provides no public benefit, while depriving a poor person in need—even a poor person who benefits others?

It is reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him,
“gave from the property of Banū al-Nadīr to the poor among the Emigrants, to whom it had been allocated. He gave none of it to the Ansār because they were well-off, except that he gave to some of the Ansār because of their poverty.”

The Sunan collections report:
“When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, received funds, he would give a married man two shares and an unmarried man one share.”

He thus gave the married man more than the unmarried man, because he needed to support both himself and his wife. The hadith was narrated by Abū Dāwūd and by Abū Hātim in his Sahīh. Imam Ahmad also narrated it, as transmitted by Abū Tālib, and said, “It is a good hadith.” Its wording, as reported from ‘Awf ibn Mālik, is:
“When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, received fay’ revenues, he would distribute them that same day, giving a married man two shares and an unmarried man one share.”

The report from ‘Umar was narrated by Ahmad and Abū Dāwūd. In Abū Dāwūd’s wording, Mālik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadathān said:

‘Umar once mentioned fay’ revenues and said:
“I have no greater right to these fay’ revenues than you, nor does any one of us have a greater right to them than another. We are, however, accorded our respective standing in the Book of Allah: a man’s early acceptance of Islam, a man’s proven service, a man’s contribution, and a man’s need.”

In Ahmad’s wording, he said:

‘Umar used to swear three oaths:
“By Allah, no one has a greater right to this wealth than anyone else, and I have no greater right to it than anyone else. By Allah, there is no Muslim who does not have a share in this wealth, except an enslaved person. We are, however, accorded our respective standing in the Book of Allah: a man’s proven service to Islam, and a man’s