‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr reports that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Whoever possesses four traits is a complete hypocrite, and whoever possesses one of them has a trait of hypocrisy until he abandons it: when he speaks, he lies; when he promises, he breaks his promise; when he makes a covenant, he betrays it; and when he disputes, he acts wickedly.”

Turning away from jihad also falls into this category, for it is among the traits of the hypocrites. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Whoever dies without having fought or even contemplated fighting dies with a trait of hypocrisy.”

Narrated by Muslim.

Allah revealed Sūrat Barā’ah (“Disavowal”), which is called al-Fādihah (“the Exposer”) because it exposed the hypocrites. Both compilers report in their Sahīhs that Ibn ‘Abbās said:

“It is the Exposer. Revelation kept coming down with ‘Among them …’ and ‘Among them …’ until they thought that no one would be left unmentioned in it.”

Al-Miqdād ibn al-Aswad said:

“It is Sūrat al-Buhūth (‘the Surah of Searching’), because it searched out the hypocrites’ secrets.”

Qatādah said:

“It is al-Muthīrah (‘the Uncoverer’), because it uncovered the hypocrites’ shameful deeds.”

Ibn ‘Abbās said:

“It is al-Muba‘thirah (‘the Unearther’).”

Unearthing and uncovering are close in meaning.

Ibn ‘Umar said that it is al-Muqashqishah (“the Healer”), because it cures the disease of hypocrisy. The expression taqashqasha al-marīd means “the sick person recovered.” Al-Asma‘ī said: “The two surahs of sincerity used to be called al-Muqashqishatān (‘the Two Healers’), because they cure hypocrisy.”