on the promised Day. In this trial, a man fled from his brother, his mother, and his father, for each had concerns enough to occupy him. Some people’s utmost concern was to save themselves, without looking back to their wealth, children, or wives. Others had the strength to rescue their families and possessions. Others could offer further assistance to those they cared about, while still others held the standing of an intercessor whose plea was heeded. They occupied differing ranks before Allah in the benefit they brought and the harm they warded off. Only faith, righteous deeds, goodness, and mindfulness of Allah brought benefit untainted by complaint.

In this trial, innermost secrets were tested, and what lay concealed within hearts came to light. It became clear that counterfeit words and deeds betray their owner when, in the end, he needs them most. Those who had obeyed their leaders and great men condemned them for leading them astray, while those sincere in their faith praised their Lord, having taken a path alongside the Messenger.

The predictions conveyed in the prophetic reports proved true. The hearts of those in this community granted inspired insight concurred with them, as did the glad tidings shown to the believers. Through this trial, the victorious group became clearly known: those who prevail in upholding the religion and whom neither their opponents nor those who abandon them will harm until the Day of Resurrection.

For the people had divided into three parties: one striving to support the religion, another abandoning it, and a third departing from the law of Islam. People were divided into those deserving reward, those who were excused, and others whom the deceiver had deluded concerning Allah. Through this ordeal, Allah distinguished people and separated them into their respective groups:

“So that Allah may reward the truthful