an orphan’s property except in the best manner, until he reaches maturity. Give full measure and weight with justice. We do not burden any soul beyond its capacity. When you speak, be just, even concerning a close relative. And fulfil Allah’s covenant. This is what He has commanded you, so that you may take heed.”
“And this is My path, perfectly straight, so follow it. Do not follow other paths, lest they lead you away from His path. This is what He has commanded you, so that you may be mindful of Him.”
Allah Most High also says:
“It is not for a believer to kill another believer except by mistake,”
up to His words:
“Whoever kills a believer deliberately, his recompense is Hell, where he will remain forever. Allah is angry with him, has cursed him, and has prepared for him a tremendous punishment.”
Allah Most High also says:
“Because of that, We decreed for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul, unless in retaliation for a life or for spreading corruption in the land, it is as though he has killed all mankind; and whoever saves a life, it is as though he has saved all mankind.”
In the two Sahīh collections, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is reported to have said:
“The first matters to be adjudicated between people on the Day of Resurrection will be cases of bloodshed.”
Killing is of three types:
The first is intentional killing in the strict sense: deliberately targeting someone whose life one knows to be inviolable, using a means that ordinarily kills. This applies whether it kills by its sharp edge, such as a sword or the like; by its weight, such as an anvil or a fuller’s mallet; or by some other means, such as burning, drowning, throwing someone from a great height, strangling, gripping the testicles until death ensues, smothering the face until the person dies, administering poisons, or similar acts.
If someone does this, retaliatory execution becomes due. This means that the slain person’s heirs are given authority over the killer: if they wish, they may put him to death