People are descended from Adam, and Adam was made from dust.” He also said:

“An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab over an Arab; a white person has no superiority over a black person, nor a black person over a white person, except through piety.”

Thus, mentioning times and justice through designations of preference, allegiance, locality, or affiliation with a scholar or shaykh is intended only to identify a person and distinguish him from others. Praise and blame, love and hatred, allegiance and enmity, however, must be based only on matters for which Allah has revealed His authority—and His authority is His Book. Whoever is a believer must be accorded allegiance, whatever group he belongs to; whoever is a disbeliever must be opposed, whatever group he belongs to. Allah Most High said:

“Your only allies are Allah, His Messenger, and those who believe—those who establish prayer, give zakah, and bow down in worship.”

“And whoever takes Allah, His Messenger, and the believers as allies—indeed, it is the party of Allah that will prevail.”

Allah Most High also said:

“O you who believe, do not take the Jews and Christians as allies; they are allies of one another.”

Allah Most High also said:

“The believing men and believing women are allies of one another.”

Allah Most High also said:

“Do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies.”

Allah Most High also said:

“Will you then take him and his offspring as allies instead of Me, though they are your enemies? What an evil exchange for the wrongdoers!”

Allah Most High also said:

“You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day loving those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they are their fathers, their sons, their brothers, or their kin. Those are the ones in whose hearts He has inscribed faith and whom He has strengthened with a spirit from Him.”

Whoever possesses both faith and wickedness is to be accorded allegiance in proportion to his faith