and other such reasons. Allah Most High says:

“Many of the People of the Book wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy within themselves, even after the truth has become clear to them.”

He also says concerning the hypocrites:

“They wish you would disbelieve as they have disbelieved, so that you would all be alike.”

Uthmān ibn Affān, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “A woman who commits unlawful sexual intercourse wishes that all women would do likewise.”

They may want others to join them in the very same wrongdoing, such as drinking wine, lying, or holding corrupt beliefs. Or they may want others to engage in the same kind of wrongdoing: a man who commits unlawful sexual intercourse wishes that someone else would do likewise, and a thief wishes that someone else would also steal—but not with the same woman or by stealing the same property.

As for the second incentive, they may order someone to join them in the wrongdoing they practise. If he refuses to join them, they become hostile toward him and harm him in a manner that reaches the point of coercion; initially, it reaches the point of coercion.

Then these very people who want someone else to join them in their vile conduct, or order him to do so and enlist his assistance in achieving their aims, belittle him and treat him with contempt whenever he joins them, assists them, and obeys them. They also use this against him in other matters. Yet if he does not join them, they become hostile toward him and harm him. This is the condition of most wrongdoers who wield power.

What occurs in wrongdoing has its counterpart in righteousness, and to an even greater degree, as He says