Hell in humiliation.” Whoever submits to Allah and to others besides Him associates partners with Him. Allah Most High has said:

“Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him.”

Thus, Allah has a right in which no created being has any share: one must worship none but Allah, fear none but Allah, be mindful of Allah alone, put one’s trust in Allah alone, and call upon none but Allah. As Allah Most High says:

“So when you have finished, strive diligently, and turn your longing to your Lord.”

Allah Most High also says:

“Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him.”

And Allah Most High says:

“Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, fears Allah and is mindful of Him—it is they who will triumph.”

Obedience, then, is owed to Allah and His Messenger, while reverent fear and mindfulness are for Allah alone.

Allah Most High says:

“If only they had been content with what Allah and His Messenger gave them and had said, ‘Allah is sufficient for us. Allah will give us of His bounty, and so will His Messenger. To Allah alone we turn in hope.’”

Thus, longing is directed to Allah alone, and Allah alone is relied upon as sufficient. Giving, however, is attributed to both Allah and His Messenger, as Allah Most High says:

“Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, refrain from it.”

What he has made lawful is lawful; what he has forbidden is unlawful; and what he has prescribed is the religion. No shaykh, king, scholar, ruler, teacher, or any other created being may depart from this. Rather, all creation must follow the religion of Islam with which Allah sent His messengers. Through it, they must all embrace the religion of the Seal of the Messengers, the foremost of Adam’s descendants, the leader of the mindful, the best of creation and the most honoured of them before Allah: Muhammad, His servant and Messenger—may Allah’s blessings and abundant peace be upon him. Whenever anyone issues a command, whoever he may be, that command must be measured against