Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (27/380)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Uhud in justification of the visits practised by those who associate partners with Allah and those who wail over the dead is even more misguided than someone who cites his funeral prayer as evidence that it is permissible to associate the deceased with Allah, invoke him besides Allah, lament him and wail over him. Some people do precisely this: they cite this practice of the Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace—which is worship of Allah and obedience to Him, for which the person performing it is rewarded, from which the person prayed for benefits, and with which the Lord, Almighty and Majestic, is pleased—as evidence that it is permissible to engage in acts that constitute association of partners with Allah, harm to the deceased and wrongdoing against oneself. Such are the visits of those who associate partners with Allah and those who give way to anguish, who neither devote their religion sincerely to Allah nor submit to what He, glorified and exalted, has decreed.

Every visit that involves doing what He has forbidden and abandoning what He has commanded is therefore prohibited. This includes visits involving anguish, foul speech and a failure to remain patient, or those involving association of partners with Allah, invocation of others besides Him and a failure to devote one’s religion sincerely to Him. This second kind is more sinful than the first.

It is not permissible to pray towards graves, or even beside them. Indeed, this is among the things the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prohibited when he said:

“Do not pray towards graves, and do not sit on them.”

Muslim narrated it in his Sahīh.

Visiting graves thus takes two forms:

One form was prohibited by the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the scholars agree that it is not prescribed: making graves places of prayer, idols, or sites of recurring gatherings. They must not be sought out for the prescribed prayer, worshipped as idols are worshipped, or made sites of recurring gatherings where people assemble at a time

أُحُدٍ عَلَى الزِّيَارَةِ الَّتِي يَفْعَلُهَا أَهْلُ الشِّرْكِ وَأَهْلُ النِّيَاحَةِ فَهُوَ أَعْظَمُ ضَلَالًا مِمَّنْ يَحْتَجُّ بِصَلَاتِهِ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِالْمَيِّتِ وَيُدْعَى مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَيُنْدَبَ وَيُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ يَسْتَدِلُّ بِهَذَا الَّذِي فَعَلَهُ الرَّسُولُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ عِبَادَةٌ لِلَّهِ وَطَاعَةٌ لَهُ يُثَابُ عَلَيْهِ الْفَاعِلُ وَيَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ الْمَدْعُوُّ لَهُ وَيَرْضَى بِهِ الرَّبُّ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُفْعَلَ مَا هُوَ شِرْكٌ بِاَللَّهِ وَإِيذَاءٌ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَظُلْمٌ مِنْ الْعَبْدِ لِنَفْسِهِ كَزِيَارَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَهْلِ الْجَزَعِ الَّذِينَ لَا يُخْلِصُونَ لِلَّهِ الدِّينَ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُونَ لِمَا حَكَمَ بِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى. فَكُلُّ زِيَارَةٍ تَتَضَمَّنُ فِعْلَ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ وَتَرْكَ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ - كَاَلَّتِي تَتَضَمَّنُ الْجَزَعَ وَقَوْلَ الْهُجْرِ وَتَرْكَ الصَّبْرِ أَوْ تَتَضَمَّنُ الشِّرْكَ وَدُعَاءَ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ وَتَرْكَ إخْلَاصِ الدِّينِ لِلَّهِ - فَهِيَ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهَا. وَهَذِهِ الثَّانِيَةُ أَعْظَمُ إثْمًا مِنْ الْأُولَى. وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُصَلَّى إلَيْهَا بَلْ وَلَا عِنْدَهَا بَلْ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا نَهَى عَنْهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: {لَا تُصَلُّوا إلَى الْقُبُورِ وَلَا تَجْلِسُوا عَلَيْهَا} رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ. فَزِيَارَةُ الْقُبُورِ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ: وَجْهٌ نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاتَّفَقَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مَشْرُوعٍ وَهُوَ أَنْ نَتَّخِذَهَا مَسَاجِدَ وَنَتَّخِذَهَا وَثَنًا وَنَتَّخِذَهَا عِيدًا فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تُقْصَدَ لِلصَّلَاةِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ وَلَا أَنْ تُعْبَدَ كَمَا تُعْبَدُ الْأَوْثَانُ وَلَا أَنْ تُتَّخَذَ عِيدًا يُجْتَمَعُ إلَيْهَا فِي وَقْتٍ