Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (27/365)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

equal in it, fearing them as you fear one another? Thus We explain the signs in detail for people who reason.”

They would not accept a slave belonging to one of them as his partner, yet they have made the Lord’s slaves partners with Him. Thus, they have assigned to Allah partners and children of a kind they would not accept for themselves. They would not accept their own slaves as partners, yet they have made them partners with Allah. Nor are they content with female offspring: they accept females neither as children nor as equals, yet they have made females Allah’s children and equals. The essential point is that Allah is more majestic, greater, higher and mightier than everything, yet they have assigned to Allah what they would not accept for themselves.

This applies to everyone who attributes to Allah a quality from which a created being is held to be free, such as those who say that He is poor or miserly;

those who say that He is described only by negations, or that He is described neither by negation nor by affirmation;

those who make some created beings equal to Him in any respect—by worshipping them, invoking them, relying upon them, or loving them as they love Him;

those who say that He acts without wisdom, but rather aimlessly;

those who say that He may put things where they do not belong, punishing the best people and honouring the worst;

those who say that He cannot speak by His will;

those who say that He neither hears nor sees;

and those who say that someone other than Him may be loved as He is loved, and likewise invoked and petitioned. They have thus made His slave a rival to Him. There are many similar examples.

فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ تَخَافُونَهُمْ كَخِيفَتِكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ} . فَهُمْ لَا يَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَمْلُوكُ أَحَدِهِمْ شَرِيكَهُ وَقَدْ جَعَلُوا مَمْلُوكِي الرَّبِّ شُرَكَاءَ لَهُ فَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ مَا لَا يَرْضَوْنَهُ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ الشُّرَكَاءِ وَمِنْ الْأَوْلَادِ: لَا يَرْضَوْنَ مَمْلُوكِيهِمْ أَنْ يَكُونُوا شُرَكَاءَ وَقَدْ جَعَلُوهُمْ لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ وَلَا يَرْضَوْنَ مِنْ الْأَوْلَادِ بِالْإِنَاثِ فَلَا يَرْضَوْنَهَا وَلَدًا وَلَا نَظِيرًا وَهُمْ جَعَلُوا الْإِنَاثَ لِلَّهِ أَوْلَادًا وَنُظَرَاءَ. وَالنُّكْتَةُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَجَلُّ وَأَعْظَمُ وَأَعْلَى وَأَكْبَرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُمْ قَدْ جَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ مَا لَا يَرْضَوْنَهُ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ. وَهَذَا يَتَنَاوَلُ كُلَّ مَنْ وَصَفَ اللَّهَ بِصِفَةِ يُنَزَّهُ عَنْهَا الْمَخْلُوقُ كَاَلَّذِينَ قَالُوا: إنَّهُ فَقِيرٌ وَإِنَّهُ بَخِيلٌ. وَاَلَّذِينَ قَالُوا: إنَّهُ لَا يُوصَفُ إلَّا بِالسُّلُوبِ أَوْ لَا يُوصَفُ لَا بِسَلْبِ وَلَا إثْبَاتٍ. وَاَلَّذِينَ جَعَلُوا بَعْضَ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ مُمَاثِلَةً لَهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ الْأَشْيَاءِ فِي عِبَادَةٍ لَهُ أَوْ دُعَاءٍ لَهُ أَوْ تَوَكُّلٍ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ حُبِّهَا مِثْلَ حُبِّهِ وَاَلَّذِينَ قَالُوا: يَفْعَلُ لَا لِحِكْمَةِ؛ بَلْ عَبَثًا. وَاَلَّذِينَ قَالُوا: إنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَضَعَ الْأَشْيَاءُ فِي غَيْرِ مَوَاضِعِهَا فَيُعَاقِبُ خِيَارَ النَّاسِ وَيُكْرِمُ شِرَارَهُمْ. وَاَلَّذِينَ قَالُوا: لَا يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ بِمَشِيئَتِهِ. وَاَلَّذِينَ قَالُوا: إنَّهُ لَا يَسْمَعُ وَلَا يُبْصِرُ. وَاَلَّذِينَ قَالُوا: إنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُحَبَّ غَيْرُهُ كَمَا يُحَبُّ هُوَ وَيُدْعَى وَيَسْأَلُ فَجَعَلُوا مَمْلُوكَهُ نِدًّا لَهُ. وَنَظَائِرُ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرَةٌ.