Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

And in the middle of the surah He says:

“Say, ‘We believe in Allah and in what has been revealed to us, and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes, and what was given to Moses and Jesus, and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we submit to Him.’”

Thus, He commands belief in everything the prophets were given by their Lord. Elsewhere in the surah, He says:

“But righteousness is to believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets.”

And He concludes it with His words:

“The Messenger believes in what has been revealed to him from his Lord, and so do the believers. All believe in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers. We make no distinction between any of His messengers.”

Then, after classifying humankind, He establishes the foundations of religion. He establishes Allah’s oneness first, then prophethood second, saying:

“O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, so that you may become God-fearing;
who made the earth a resting place for you and the sky a canopy, and sent down rain from the sky, bringing forth fruits through it as provision for you. So do not set up rivals to Allah while you know.”

Then He establishes prophethood with His words:

“And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our servant, then produce a surah like it, and call upon your witnesses besides Allah, if you are truthful.
But if you do not—and you will never do so—”

He thus declares that they will not do so, just as He says:

“Say, ‘If mankind and the jinn gathered together to produce the like of this Quran, they could not produce its like.’”

Then He mentions Paradise. Thus, He establishes Allah’s oneness, prophethood, and resurrection. These are the foundations of faith.

وَقَالَ فِي وَسَطِ السُّورَةِ: {قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إلَى إبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى وَمَا أُوتِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ} فَأَمَرَ بِالْإِيمَانِ بِكُلِّ مَا أُوتِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي أَثْنَائِهَا: {وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ} وَخَتَمَهَا بِقَوْلِهِ: {آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ} . ثُمَّ إنَّهُ بَعْدَ تَقْسِيمِ الْخَلْقِ قَرَّرَ أُصُولَ الدِّينِ. فَقَرَّرَ التَّوْحِيدَ أَوَّلًا ثُمَّ النُّبُوَّةَ ثَانِيًا بِقَوْلِهِ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ} {الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَكُمْ فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ} ثُمَّ قَرَّرَ النُّبُوَّةَ بِقَوْلِهِ: {وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ} {فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوا} فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ كَمَا قَالَ: {قُلْ لَئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ} . ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْجَنَّةَ. فَقَرَّرَ التَّوْحِيدَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ وَالْمَعَادَ. وَهَذِهِ أُصُولُ الْإِيمَانِ.

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