Indeed, it is established in the Sahīh, in a hadith narrated by Jābir:

“He, may Allah bless him and his family and grant him peace, led his Companions in prayer while seated because of an illness. They prayed standing, so he commanded them to sit and said, ‘Do not exalt me as non-Arabs exalt one another.’”

He also said:

“Whoever is pleased to have people stand before him, let him take his seat in the Fire.”

Since he forbade them to stand while he was seated—even though they were standing in prayer—so that they would not resemble those who stand before their dignitaries, and explained that whoever is pleased to have people stand before him is among the people of the Fire, then what of prostrating before him, lowering one’s head, and kissing hands? ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, may Allah be pleased with him—who was Allah’s vicegerent on earth—appointed attendants to prevent those entering his presence from kissing the ground, and would discipline those attendants if anyone kissed the ground.

In short, standing, sitting, bowing, and prostrating are the right of the One who alone is worshipped, the Creator of the heavens and the earth. Whatever is exclusively Allah’s right admits no share for anyone else. Swearing oaths is one such right, so one must not swear by anyone other than Allah, Mighty and Majestic. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family and grant him peace, said:

“Whoever wishes to swear an oath, let him swear by Allah or remain silent.”

Agreed upon by al-Bukhārī and Muslim. He also said:

“Whoever swears by anyone other than Allah has associated partners with Him.”

All worship, therefore, belongs to Allah alone, with no partner:

“They were commanded only to worship Allah, sincerely devoting their religion to Him, inclining to the truth, to establish prayer, and to give zakah. That is the upright religion.”

It is also reported in the Sahīh that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family and grant him peace, said:

“Indeed,