He—may Allah be pleased with him and make him content—was asked:

About someone who stands at ‘Arafāt but cannot go to the House for fear of being killed or losing his property: does this fulfill his obligation of Hajj, or not?

And about someone who suffers from an ailment affecting his body or head, so he wears ordinary clothing and covers his head: must he offer expiation, or not? What is the expiation? If someone can find only a camel that it is unlawful for him to use, does performing Hajj on it fulfill his obligation? What are the ifrād, qirān, and tamattu‘ forms of Hajj, and which is best? Is the Hajj of someone who does not know these things valid, or not?

He replied:

Praise be to Allah, Lord of all worlds. After standing at ‘Arafāt, one must perform tawāf al-ifādah, the obligatory circumambulation. If one does not circumambulate the House, one’s Hajj is incomplete, by the consensus of the Muslim community. If an enemy blocks his access to the House and fear prevents him from performing the circumambulation, he is to release himself from ihram by slaughtering a sacrificial animal and coming out of ihram. He must perform the circumambulation afterward if this was his obligatory Hajj; he should enter Mecca to perform an Umrah in compensation for that.

He may not cover his head without a need, nor wear a shirt, robe, or similar clothing except out of necessity. If he fears that severe cold will make him ill, he may wear such clothing, but must also offer expiation and seek Allah’s forgiveness for his sins.