a pilgrim performing qirān—as do other jurists—because he has not left consecration. Others say that he is not called a pilgrim performing qirān because, in their view, he must perform another traversal between al-Safā and al-Marwah after the obligatory circumambulation, unlike someone performing qirān.

Two positions are reported from Ahmad on this question. He recommended that someone performing tamattu‘ undertake the traversal a second time, yet he also explicitly stated in several places that the first traversal suffices, as established in the authentic report from ‘Ā’ishah and others:

“The Companions who performed tamattu‘ with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, circumambulated the House and passed between al-Safā and al-Marwah only once—their initial round.”

Thus, when Allah Most High required anyone combining ‘umrah with Hajj to offer whatever sacrificial animal he could afford, this obligation applied both to someone who entered consecration for Hajj after leaving consecration for an ‘umrah begun during the months of Hajj, and to someone who combined ‘umrah with Hajj, whether from the outset of his consecration for Hajj or during that consecration.

Accordingly, someone who brings sacrificial animals while consecrated for the ‘umrah of tamattu‘, and enters consecration for Hajj only after circumambulating and traversing between al-Safā and al-Marwah, may be called a pilgrim performing qirān by those who distinguish qirān from tamattu‘ in its narrower sense, because he entered consecration for Hajj before leaving consecration for ‘umrah. They may also call him a pilgrim performing tamattu‘—the more common designation—because he did not enter consecration for Hajj until after completing ‘umrah. This is a dispute over terminology that does not affect the ruling in any way, except for the question already mentioned of whether a second traversal is obligatory, and the view of those who may recommend that a pilgrim performing tamattu‘ undertake the arrival circumambulation after returning from ‘Arafah, before the circumambulation of ifādah. Although this has been reported from Ahmad