is subject to the same ruling. He may not wear a shirt, whether sleeved or sleeveless, whether or not he puts his arms through it, and whether it is intact or torn. Likewise, he may not wear a robe or a coat into which he puts his arms. The same applies to the shirt called ‘irq jīn and similar garments, by agreement of the imams. As for draping a coat over his shoulders without putting his arms through it, there is disagreement over this.

This is what the jurists mean by the prohibition on wearing such clothing. “Stitched clothing” means garments tailored to fit a part of the body. Likewise, he may not wear anything equivalent to leather socks, such as overboots, socks and similar items. Nor may he wear anything equivalent to trousers, such as short drawers and the like.

He may tie whatever needs tying, such as his waist-wrapper and the money belt holding his expenses. His upper wrap does not need tying, so he should not tie it. If he does need to tie it, there is disagreement, though the more plausible view is that it is then permissible. There is also disagreement over whether the restriction on tying it means that doing so is merely discouraged or strictly forbidden. There is no evidence that it is forbidden except the report that Ibn ‘Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—disliked tying the upper wrap.

Those who follow Ibn ‘Umar have differed: some, such as Abū Hanīfah and others, hold that it is discouraged without being forbidden, while others hold that it is forbidden.

As for his head, he must not cover it with anything, whether stitched or otherwise. Thus, he must not cover it with a turban, a cap, a headscarf, a cloth lying against it, or anything else. He may