and their disbelief likewise. They are then more astray than the Christians who claim to have seen Him in the form of Jesus son of Mary.

Indeed, they are more astray than the followers of the Dajjāl, who will appear at the end of time and tell people, “I am your Lord.” He will command the sky to rain and the earth to bring forth vegetation, and will say to a ruined place, “Bring out your treasures,” whereupon its treasures will follow him. This is the one against whom the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, warned his community. He said:

“From the creation of Adam until the Hour is established, there is no trial greater than the Dajjāl.”

He also said:

“When any of you sits during prayer, let him seek refuge in Allah from four things, saying: ‘O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell; I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave; I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death; and I seek refuge in You from the trial of the false messiah, the Dajjāl.’”

This one claims lordship and produces deceptive signs by which he leads people astray, such that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said of him:

“He is blind in one eye, whereas your Lord is not blind in one eye. Know that none of you will see his Lord until he dies.”

He thus gave them two clear signs that everyone can recognize, knowing, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that some people would go astray and consider it possible to see their Lord in this world in human form—like these misguided people who hold this belief. Such people are sometimes called the “Hulūliyyah” (advocates of divine indwelling) and the “Ittihādiyyah” (advocates of union).

They fall into two groups:

One group restricts His indwelling or union to certain things, as the Christians maintain