breaking the fast at night. This is the prescribed fast mentioned in Allah’s words:

“Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become righteous,”

up to His words: “The month of Ramadan.”

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Whoever fasts Ramadan with faith and seeking Allah’s reward will have his past sins forgiven.” Yet this fasting is interrupted every night by breaking the fast. The same applies to his saying: “Whoever performs Hajj to this House without engaging in sexual relations or committing sin will return free of sin as on the day his mother bore him.” The verse also encompasses one who performs Hajj as tamattuʿ (ʿumrah followed by Hajj), even though this state of ihrām may be interrupted by a release from it. From the moment he enters ihrām for Hajj, he has begun Hajj, just as fasting the first day marks the beginning of his fasting the month of Ramadan.

Likewise, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Whoever stands in prayer during Ramadan with faith and seeking Allah’s reward will have his past sins forgiven.” Yet this prayer is interrupted by the salām after every two units of prayer. The same applies to Witr offered as three units in separate sets.

Section: “Description of the Farewell Hajj”

No scholar has disputed that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded his Companions, once they had circumambulated the House and gone between al-Safā and al-Marwah, to leave ihrām and make their pilgrimage an ʿumrah. This is established by mass-transmitted hadiths,