such as ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb and others, only recommended making another journey for ‘umrah, so that Hajj would have its own journey and ‘umrah its own journey. Ahmad, Abū Hanīfah and others followed the Companions in this, preferring this form of separate Hajj to tamattu‘ (‘umrah followed by Hajj, with release from ihrām between them) and qirān (combining ‘umrah and Hajj in a single state of ihrām).

Abū Bakr al-Athram said:

Abū ‘Abd Allāh was asked, “Which manner of performing ‘umrah do you consider best?”

He replied, “In my view, the best ‘umrah is one performed outside the months of Hajj, as ‘Umar said: ‘It is more complete for your Hajj and more complete for your ‘umrah that you perform it outside the months of Hajj.’”

Abū ‘Abd Allāh was asked, “Do you then enjoin tamattu‘ while saying that ‘umrah outside the months of Hajj is better?”

He replied, “I was only asked about the most complete ‘umrah, and I said that it is outside the months of Hajj. I also said that tamattu‘ suffices for one’s ‘umrah. Thus, the most complete ‘umrah is one performed outside the months of Hajj.”

‘Alī said, “Part of making ‘umrah complete is to come from your own home.” Sufyān ibn ‘Uyaynah explained this as setting out on a journey specifically for it, not entering ihrām at home before reaching the designated ihrām point.

‘Umar said concerning ‘umrah, “From your own home.”

Abū ‘Abd Allāh was asked, “Should one then make a separate journey for Hajj and a separate journey for ‘umrah?”

He replied, “Yes.”

I said to him, “If someone performs ‘umrah outside the months of Hajj, then stays in Mecca until he performs Hajj, would he thereby have