Shaykh al-Islām Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah—may Allah have mercy on him—said:

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

All praise belongs to Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and ask His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil within ourselves and from our evil deeds. Whoever Allah guides, none can lead astray; and whoever He leads astray, none can guide. We bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone, without any partner, and we bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. May Allah bless him and grant him abundant peace.

Section: What Invalidates the Fast and What Does Not

This falls into two categories. One comprises those things that invalidate the fast according to explicit scriptural text and scholarly consensus: eating, drinking and sexual intercourse. Allah Most High says:

“So now have relations with them and seek what Allah has decreed for you