among the early and later generations. The well-known position in the schools of the four jurists, however, is that the fast must be made up. Allah knows best.

He was asked about a man who, whenever he intends to fast, loses consciousness, foams at the mouth, and thrashes about. He remains unconscious for days, to the point that insanity is suspected, though this has not been established.

He replied:

Praise be to Allah. If fasting causes him this kind of illness, he should refrain from fasting and make up the missed fasts. If this happens whenever he fasts, regardless of the time, then he is unable to fast and should feed one poor person for each day. Allah knows best.

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked about a pregnant woman who noticed something resembling menstrual bleeding, and whose bleeding persists. The midwives said that she should refrain from fasting for the benefit of the fetus, although she was not in any pain. Is she