Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

and the earth and all that is between them in six days, then rose over the Throne. You have no protector or intercessor besides Him. Will you not then take heed?”

He, the Exalted, says:

“And warn with it those who fear being gathered before their Lord: they will have no protector or intercessor besides Him.”

And He says:

“Say, ‘Call upon those whom you claim to be gods besides Him. They have no power to remove harm from you or divert it.’”

“Those whom they invoke themselves seek a means of drawing near to their Lord, seeking to be nearest to Him. They hope for His mercy and fear His punishment. Indeed, your Lord’s punishment is something to beware of.”

And He says:

“Say, ‘Call upon those whom you claim to be gods besides Allah. They do not possess even an atom’s weight in the heavens or on earth, nor do they have any share in either, nor does He have any helper among them.’”

“Intercession before Him benefits none except those for whom He has given permission.”

Some of the early generations said: There were people who invoked the Messiah, Ezra, and the angels. Allah therefore made clear to them that the angels and prophets had no power to remove harm from them or divert it, and that they themselves sought to draw near to Allah, hoped for His mercy, and feared His punishment.

He, the Exalted, says:

“It is not for any human being to whom Allah has given the Scripture, judgment, and prophethood to then say to people, ‘Be my worshippers instead of Allah’s.’ Rather, he would say, ‘Be people devoted to the Lord through your teaching of the Scripture and your study of it.’”

“Nor would he command you to take the angels and prophets as lords. Would he command you to disbelieve after you have become Muslims?”

Thus He, glorified be He, made clear that taking the angels and prophets as lords is disbelief.

Whoever makes the angels and prophets intermediaries, invoking them, relying upon them, and asking them to bring benefits and ward off harm—for example, asking them to forgive sins, guide hearts, relieve distress, and meet needs—is a disbeliever by the consensus of the Muslims.

He, the Exalted, has said:

“They say, ‘The Most Merciful has taken a child.’ Glory be to Him! Rather, they are honoured servants.”

وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا شَفِيعٍ أَفَلَا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ} وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَأَنْذِرْ بِهِ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يُحْشَرُوا إلَى رَبِّهِمْ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَلِيٌّ وَلَا شَفِيعٌ} وَقَالَ: {قُلِ ادْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ كَشْفَ الضُّرِّ عَنْكُمْ وَلَا تَحْوِيلًا} {أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إلَى رَبِّهِمُ الْوَسِيلَةَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ وَيَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَهُ وَيَخَافُونَ عَذَابَهُ إنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ كَانَ مَحْذُورًا} وَقَالَ: {قُلِ ادْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِمَا مِنْ شِرْكٍ وَمَا لَهُ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ ظَهِيرٍ} {وَلَا تَنْفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ عِنْدَهُ إلَّا لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ} . وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ السَّلَفِ: كَانَ أَقْوَامٌ يَدْعُونَ الْمَسِيحَ وَالْعُزَيْرَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةَ: فَبَيَّنَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَالْأَنْبِيَاءَ: لَا يَمْلِكُونَ كَشْفَ الضُّرِّ عَنْهُمْ وَلَا تَحْوِيلًا وَأَنَّهُمْ يَتَقَرَّبُونَ إلَى اللَّهِ وَيَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَهُ وَيَخَافُونَ عَذَابَهُ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {مَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُ اللَّهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلنَّاسِ كُونُوا عِبَادًا لِي مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ كُونُوا رَبَّانِيِّينَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تُعَلِّمُونَ الْكِتَابَ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَدْرُسُونَ} {وَلَا يَأْمُرَكُمْ أَنْ تَتَّخِذُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ أَرْبَابًا أَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ إذْ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ} فَبَيَّنَ سُبْحَانَهُ: أَنَّ اتِّخَاذَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ أَرْبَابًا كُفْرٌ. فَمَنْ جَعَلَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَالْأَنْبِيَاءَ وَسَائِطَ يَدْعُوهُمْ وَيَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَسْأَلُهُمْ جَلْبَ الْمَنَافِعِ وَدَفْعَ الْمَضَارِّ مِثْلَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُمْ غُفْرَانَ الذَّنْبِ وَهِدَايَةَ الْقُلُوبِ وَتَفْرِيجَ الْكُرُوبِ وَسَدَّ الفاقات: فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ بِإِجْمَاعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَلَدًا سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ}

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