Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was also asked:

Concerning someone who owns grapevines whose fruit cannot be made into raisins, and who does not leave the fruit until harvest time: how should he pay its tithe—in fresh or dried fruit? If he pays it in dried fruit, he will be paying it from produce other than that of his orchard.

He replied:

As for grapes that cannot be made into raisins, it is permissible—and preferable—to pay their tithe in raisins, in the amount that would have been due had those grapes been capable of becoming raisins. This undoubtedly discharges his obligation. The owner is not required to pay from the very property on which the obligation falls, either in this case or in any other. Rather, anyone who possesses gold, silver, trade goods, grain or fruit subject to the tithe, or livestock subject to zakat, and pays the expressly prescribed amount due from other property, thereby discharges his obligation. How much more so, then, in this case?

If he pays the tithe in grapes, there are two views within Ahmad’s school:

The first, which is Ahmad’s expressly stated position, is that this does not discharge his obligation.

The second is that it does discharge his obligation. This is the view of Judge Abū Ya‘lā and of most scholars, and it is the stronger view.

وَسُئِلَ: عَمَّنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَشْجَارُ أَعْنَابٍ لَا يَصِيرُ زَبِيبًا وَلَا يَتْرُكُهُ صَاحِبُهُ إلَى الْجِذَاذِ كَيْفَ يُخْرَجُ عُشْرُهُ رَطْبًا؟ أَوْ يَابِسًا؟ وَإِنْ أَخْرَجَ يَابِسًا أَخْرَجَ مِنْ غَيْرِ ثَمَرِ بُسْتَانِهِ. فَأَجَابَ: أَمَّا الْعِنَبُ الَّذِي لَا يَصِيرُ زَبِيبًا: فَإِذَا أَخْرَجَ عَنْهُ زَبِيبًا بِقَدْرِ عُشْرِهِ لَوْ كَانَ يَصِيرُ زَبِيبًا جَازَ وَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ وَأَجْزَأَهُ ذَلِكَ بِلَا رَيْبٍ وَلَا يَتَعَيَّنُ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْمَالِ الْإِخْرَاجُ مَنْ عَيْنِ الْمَالِ لَا فِي هَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ وَلَا غَيْرِهَا بَلْ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ ذَهَبٌ أَوْ فِضَّةٌ أَوْ عَرَضُ تِجَارَةٍ أَوْ لَهُ حَبٌّ أَوْ ثَمَرٌ يَجِبُ فِيهِ الْعُشْرُ أَوْ مَاشِيَةٌ تَجِبُ فِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ " وَأَخْرَجَ مِقْدَارَ الْوَاجِبِ الْمَنْصُوصِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ أَجْزَأَهُ فَكَيْفَ فِي هَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ. وَإِنْ أَخْرَجَ الْعُشْرَ عِنَبًا فَفِيهِ قَوْلَانِ فِي مَذْهَبِ أَحْمَد: أَحَدُهُمَا: وَهُوَ الْمَنْصُوصُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُجْزِئُهُ. وَالثَّانِي: يُجْزِئُهُ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْقَاضِي أَبِي يَعْلَى وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَهُوَ أَظْهَرُ.

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