Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (25/31)

twenty dirhams or two sheep or goats. If a two-year-old she-camel is due as zakat, but he has none and has a one-year-old she-camel instead, the one-year-old shall be accepted from him, together with twenty dirhams or two sheep or goats. Separate herds must not be combined, nor combined herds divided, for fear of zakat. Joint owners shall settle their respective shares equitably between themselves. No decrepit or defective animal, nor a male goat, shall be taken as zakat unless the zakat collector so wishes.”

Anas also reported from this same document:

“If a one-year-old she-camel is due as zakat, but he has none and has a two-year-old she-camel instead, it shall be accepted from him, and the zakat collector shall give him twenty dirhams or two sheep or goats. If he has no suitable one-year-old she-camel but has a two-year-old male camel, it shall be accepted from him, with nothing further due.”

Mālik ibn Anas related the document of Umar ibn al-Khattāb, may Allah be pleased with him, in his Muwatta, with this wording or something close to it, except that he did not mention substitution accompanied by twenty dirhams.

Section

Imam Abū Bakr ibn al-Mundhir said:

There is consensus on this up to 120 camels. The report attributed to Alī that five sheep or goats are due on twenty-five camels is not authentic.

عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ وَيُعْطَى مَعَهَا عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ وَلَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ خَلِيطَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَلَا يُخْرَجُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ وَلَا تَيْسٌ إلَّا إنْ شَاءَ الْمُصَدِّقُ} . وَعَنْهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ أَيْضًا {وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ وَيُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنُ لَبُونٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ} وَرَوَى مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ كِتَابَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي مُوَطَّئِهِ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا اللَّفْظِ أَوْ قَرِيبٍ مِنْهُ إلَّا ذِكْرَ الْبَدَلِ مَعَ الْعِشْرِينَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ. فَصْلٌ: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَهَذَا مُجْمَعٌ عَلَيْهِ إلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ وَلَا يَصِحُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ خَمْسُ شِيَاهٍ.