Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

As for Mālik, his position is that traders fall into two categories: those who hold their stock awaiting a market and those who trade continuously.

The first is someone who buys goods and waits for a market for them; the goods may remain with him for years. According to Mālik, no zakat is due from him until he sells the goods, at which point he pays zakat for one year. His reasoning is that zakat was prescribed on wealth that grows. If the trader pays zakat on the goods every year—even though they may be unsaleable—their value will fall below their purchase price, causing him loss. If zakat is paid when they are sold, then any profit they have yielded was latent in them, and he pays zakat on it. He pays no zakat until he sells for an amount reaching the zakat threshold. Thereafter, he pays zakat on whatever he sells, whether much or little.

The second is someone who sells goods throughout the lunar year, so that no stock remains permanently in his possession. He pays zakat annually on everything: he designates a particular month in which he calculates the value of the goods and cash he holds, together with debts owed to him by solvent, trustworthy debtors, and pays zakat on the total. This applies provided that cash comes into his hands during the year, even a single dirham. If he never sells for cash at all, then, according to Mālik, no zakat is due from him.

Section

As for “jewelry,” if it is for women, no zakat is due on it according to Mālik, al-Layth, al-Shāfiʿī, Ahmad and Abū ʿUbayd. This is also reported from ʿĀ’ishah and Asmā’

وَأَمَّا مَالِكٌ فَمَذْهَبُهُ أَنَّ التُّجَّارَ عَلَى قِسْمَيْنِ: مُتَرَبِّصٍ وَمُدِيرٍ. فَالْمُتَرَبِّصُ: وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَشْتَرِي السِّلَعَ وَيَنْتَظِرُ بِهَا الْأَسْوَاقَ فَرُبَّمَا أَقَامَتْ السِّلَعُ عِنْدَهُ سِنِينَ فَهَذَا عِنْدَهُ لَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ إلَّا أَنْ يَبِيعَ السِّلْعَةَ فَيُزَكِّيَهَا لِعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ وَحُجَّتُهُ أَنَّ الزَّكَاةَ شُرِعَتْ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ النَّامِيَةِ فَإِذَا زَكَّى السِّلْعَةَ كُلَّ عَامٍ - وَقَدْ تَكُونُ كَاسِدَةً - نَقَصَتْ عَنْ شِرَائِهَا فَيَتَضَرَّرُ فَإِذَا زُكِّيَتْ عِنْدَ الْبَيْعِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ رَبِحَتْ فَالرِّبْحُ كَانَ كَامِنًا فِيهَا فَيُخْرِجُ زَكَاتَهُ وَلَا يُزَكِّي حَتَّى يَبِيعَ بِنِصَابٍ ثُمَّ يُزَكِّي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَا يَبِيعُهُ مِنْ كَثِيرٍ وَقَلِيلٍ. وَأَمَّا الْمُدِيرُ: وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَبِيعُ السِّلَعَ فِي أَثْنَاءِ الْحَوْلِ فَلَا يَسْتَقِرُّ بِيَدِهِ. سِلْعَةٌ فَهَذَا يُزَكِّي فِي السَّنَةِ الْجَمِيعَ يَجْعَلُ لِنَفْسِهِ شَهْرًا مَعْلُومًا يَحْسِبُ مَا بِيَدِهِ مِنْ السِّلَعِ وَالْعَيْنِ وَالدَّيْنِ الَّذِي عَلَى الْمَلِيءِ الثِّقَةِ وَيُزَكِّي الْجَمِيعَ هَذَا إذَا كَانَ يَنِضُّ فِي يَدِهِ فِي أَثْنَاءِ السَّنَةِ وَلَوْ دِرْهَمٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَبِيعُ بِعَيْنِ أَصْلًا فَلَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَهُ. فَصْلٌ: وَأَمَّا " الْحُلِيِّ " فَإِنْ كَانَ لِلنِّسَاءِ فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ مَالِكٌ وَاللَّيْثِ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَد وَأَبِي عُبَيْدٍ وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأَسْمَاءَ

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