the way of Allah”—to the end of the verse. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“There is no owner of gold or silver who does not pay its zakat…”

The hadith will be cited later, Allah willing. This applies equally whether the gold and silver are minted as dinars and dirhams or are unminted.

Section

Should gold and silver be combined to reach the zakat threshold, making zakat payable, or not? There are six opinions:

One opinion is that neither is combined with the other. This is the view of al-Shāfiʿī and is also reported from Sharīk and al-Hasan ibn Sālih.

Another opinion is that gold is added to silver because it is subsidiary, but silver is not added to gold because silver is the basis.

Another opinion permits combining them, provided that the smaller amount is treated as subordinate to the larger. This is the view of al-Shaʿbī and al-Awzāʿī.

Another opinion is that they are combined according to their value. This is the view of Abū Hanīfah and al-Thawrī.

Another opinion is that they are combined according to the proportion each represents of its respective zakat threshold. This is the view of al-Hasan, Qatādah and al-Nakhaʿī