Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

A man went to sea for trade and drowned. Did he die a martyr?

He answered:

Yes, he died a martyr, provided that undertaking the voyage was not sinful. It is authentically reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“One who drowns and one who dies of an abdominal illness are martyrs. One who dies in a fire is a martyr; one who dies of plague is a martyr; a woman who dies during her postpartum period is a martyr; and one who dies beneath a collapsed structure is a martyr.”

Others have also been mentioned as martyrs. Travelling by sea for trade is permissible when safety is the most likely outcome. Otherwise, a person may not undertake a sea voyage for trade. If he does, he has helped bring about his own death, and such a person is not to be called a martyr. And Allah knows best.

He was asked:

What about raising one’s voice during a funeral procession?

He answered:

Praise be to Allah. It is not recommended to raise one’s voice while accompanying a funeral procession, whether through recitation

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ رَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ لِلتِّجَارَةِ، فَغَرِقَ فَهَلْ مَاتَ شَهِيدًا؟ . فَأَجَابَ: نَعَمْ مَاتَ شَهِيدًا إذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَاصِيًا بِرُكُوبِهِ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ صَحَّ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: {الْغَرِيقُ وَالْمَبْطُونُ شَهِيدٌ وَالْحَرِيقُ شَهِيدٌ وَالْمَيِّتُ بِالطَّاعُونِ شَهِيدٌ وَالْمَرْأَةُ تَمُوتُ فِي نِفَاسِهَا شَهِيدَةٌ وَصَاحِبُ الْهَدْمِ شَهِيدٌ} . وَجَاءَ ذِكْرُ غَيْرِ هَؤُلَاءِ. وَرُكُوبُ الْبَحْرِ لِلتِّجَارَةِ جَائِزٌ إذَا غَلَبَ عَلَى الظَّنِّ السَّلَامَةُ. وَأَمَّا بِدُونِ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهُ لِلتِّجَارَةِ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى قَتْلِ نَفْسِهِ وَمِثْلُ هَذَا لَا يُقَالُ: إنَّهُ شَهِيدٌ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ فِي الْجِنَازَةِ؟ . فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، لَا يُسْتَحَبُّ رَفْعُ الصَّوْتِ مَعَ الْجِنَازَةِ لَا بِقِرَاءَةِ

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