Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (24/184)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

unless unable to attend, even if exempt from Friday prayer on account of travel or being female. And Allah knows best.

Likewise, it may be argued that Friday prayer is obligatory for travelers who are in a town, even though they are not required to perform their prayers in full. Just as they must perform the prayer in full when following an imam who does so, they must also attend Friday prayer as followers of the residents. Similarly, those who recognize a third category between a permanently settled resident and a traveler—namely, a resident who has not settled permanently—require such a person to attend as a follower, saying: “Friday prayer is obligatory for him, but his presence does not count toward establishing its congregation.”

It has been explained elsewhere that the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger recognize only residents and travelers. A resident is someone who has settled permanently; anyone else is a traveler who shortens the prayer. These travelers are required to attend Friday prayer, because His words,

“When the call is made for prayer,”

and similar passages include them, and they have no excuse. In a Muslim town, no one should fail to attend Friday prayer except someone unable to do so, such as a sick person or a prisoner. These travelers are able to attend. However, travelers do not establish a Friday congregation themselves; rather, when the townspeople establish it, they pray with them. There are stronger grounds for this than for requiring them to perform the prayer in full behind a resident imam.

There is also a strong case for Friday prayer being obligatory for a slave, either unconditionally or when his master gives him permission. A traveler in a town does not pray on his mount, even though he shortens the prayer; the same principle applies to Friday prayer. As for his refraining from fasting, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered Mecca during Ramadan, and neither he nor the Muslims were fasting. It has not been reported that they were instructed to begin

إلَّا لِعَجْزِهِ عَنْهُ وَإِنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ الْجُمُعَةِ لِسَفَرٍ أَوْ أُنُوثَةٍ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَكَذَلِكَ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يُقَالَ بِوُجُوبِ الْجُمُعَةِ عَلَى مَنْ فِي الْمِصْرِ مِنْ الْمُسَافِرِينَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِمْ الْإِتْمَامُ كَمَا لَوْ صَلَّوْا خَلْفَ مَنْ يُتِمُّ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ الْإِتْمَامَ تَبَعًا لِلْإِمَامِ كَذَلِكَ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ الْجُمُعَةُ تَبَعًا لِلْمُقِيمِينَ كَمَا أَوْجَبَهَا عَلَى الْمُقِيمِ غَيْرِ الْمُسْتَوْطِنِ تَبَعًا مَنْ أَثْبَتَ نَوْعًا ثَالِثًا بَيْنَ الْمُقِيمِ الْمُسْتَوْطِنِ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسَافِرِ وَهُوَ الْمُقِيمُ غَيْرُ الْمُسْتَوْطِنِ فَقَالَ: تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا تَنْعَقِدُ بِهِ. وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَلَا سُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ إلَّا مُقِيمٌ وَمُسَافِرٌ. وَالْمُقِيمُ هُوَ الْمُسْتَوْطِنُ وَمَنْ سِوَى هَؤُلَاءِ فَهُوَ مُسَافِرٌ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ وَهَؤُلَاءِ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ الْجُمُعَةُ لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ {إذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ} وَنَحْوِهَا يَتَنَاوَلُهُمْ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ عُذْرٌ وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي مِصْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَنْ لَا يُصَلِّي الْجُمُعَةَ إلَّا مَنْ هُوَ عَاجِزٌ عَنْهَا كَالْمَرِيضِ وَالْمَحْبُوسِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ قَادِرُونَ عَلَيْهَا؛ لَكِنْ الْمُسَافِرُونَ لَا يَعْقِدُونَ جُمُعَةً لَكِنْ إذَا عَقَدَهَا أَهْلُ الْمِصْرِ صَلَّوْا مَعَهُمْ وَهَذَا أَوْلَى مِنْ إتْمَامِ الصَّلَاةِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ الْمُقِيمِ. وَكَذَلِكَ وُجُوبُهَا عَلَى الْعَبْدِ قَوِيٌّ: إمَّا مُطْلَقًا وَإِمَّا إذَا أَذِنَ لَهُ السَّيِّدُ وَالْمُسَافِرُ فِي الْمِصْرِ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ فَكَذَلِكَ الْجُمُعَةُ وَأَمَّا إفْطَارُهُ: فَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَكَانَ هُوَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ مُفْطِرِينَ وَمَا نُقِلَ أَنَّهُمْ أُمِرُوا بِابْتِدَاءِ