his necessity and his eating, when he eats neither desiring it nor exceeding the limit. For He says:

“There is no sin upon him.”

It is evident that sin is negated only with regard to eating—the act itself—not the mere need for it. Thus, the verse means: whoever is compelled by necessity and eats, neither desiring it nor exceeding the limit. This makes clear that the intended meaning is that he neither seeks what is forbidden in his eating nor exceeds the limit.

Allah Most High pairs wrongdoing with transgression. Wrongdoing consists of conduct that is inherently unjust, whereas transgression means exceeding what is permitted. Likewise, He pairs sin with transgression in His words:

“Cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and transgression.”

Sin denotes evil in general, while transgression means exceeding what is permitted. Wrongdoing therefore falls within the category of sin. Allah Most High says:

“They did not divide until after knowledge had come to them, out of mutual wrongdoing.”

And He Most High says:

“But if anyone fears partiality or sin on the part of a testator and brings about reconciliation between them, there is no sin upon him.”

Here, sin encompasses deliberate wrongdoing against the heirs, whereas partiality includes bias against them, whether deliberate or unintentional. Many Quran commentators, however, have said that partiality means an unintentional error, while sin means deliberate wrongdoing. This is because, once sin—which is deliberate—is mentioned separately, what remains under partiality is unintentional error.

The term transgression concerns overstepping limits, as Allah Most High says:

“These are the limits set by Allah, and whoever oversteps Allah’s limits has wronged himself.”

There are other passages to the same effect. Similar to this are His words:

“Our Lord, forgive us our sins and our excesses in our affairs.”

Excess means going beyond the permitted limit, whereas sins are acts that are inherently evil and sinful.

As for their assertion that this assists in disobedience, it is mistaken, because the traveller is commanded