As for the hadith of Jābir, it is recorded in Sunan Abī Dāwūd and elsewhere through ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Muhammad, from Abū al-Zubayr, from Jābir:

“The sun set while the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was in Mecca, and he combined the two prayers at Sarif.”

Al-Bayhaqī, who narrated it through al-Himmānī from ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, said: “Al-Ajlah also narrated it in the same way from Abū al-Zubayr.”

Abū Dāwūd said: “Muhammad ibn Hishām, Ahmad ibn Hanbal’s neighbour, narrated to us; Ja‘far ibn ‘Awn narrated to us, from Hishām ibn Sa‘d, who said: ‘There are ten miles between them’—meaning between Mecca and Sarif.”

I say: Ten miles are three and one-third parasangs, while a barīd is four parasangs. This distance cannot be covered, even at a brisk pace, before the twilight disappears. People leave ‘Arafah just after sunset and do not reach Jam‘ until the twilight has disappeared. The distance from ‘Arafah to Mecca is one barīd, and Jam‘ is nearer than that; yet they do not reach it until after the twilight has disappeared. How much more so, then, for Sarif! This agrees with the hadiths of Ibn ‘Umar, Anas and Ibn ‘Abbās: when he was on the move, he would delay Maghrib until the twilight disappeared, then offer both prayers together.

Al-Bayhaqī said: “Combining the two prayers on account of travel was a well-known practice among the Companions and the Successors. This is supported by established reports from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and then from his Companions, as well as the Muslims’ consensus regarding people’s combining the prayers at ‘Arafah and then at Muzdalifah.” He then cited what al-Bukhārī narrated through Sa‘īd