Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

A man is travelling to a town where he intends to stay for a month or more. Should he offer his prayers in full or not?

He replied:

If he intends to stay in the town for four days or less, he shortens his prayers, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did when he entered Mecca: he stayed there for four days, shortening his prayers. If the intended stay is longer, scholars differ, and the more cautious course is to offer the prayers in full.

However, if he says, “I shall leave tomorrow or the day after tomorrow,” without intending a settled stay, he may continue shortening his prayers indefinitely, for “the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed in Mecca for ten-odd days, shortening his prayers, and stayed in Tabūk for twenty nights, shortening his prayers.” Allah knows best.

He was asked:

A man went out to al-Kharibah on account of fever, knowing that he would stay for two months. May he shorten his prayers? If shortening is permissible, is it better to offer them in full or to shorten them?

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسَافِرٍ إلَى بَلَدٍ وَمَقْصُودُهُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ مُدَّةَ شَهْرٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَهَلْ يُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا نَوَى أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِالْبَلَدِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا دُونَهَا قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ كَمَا فَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ. فَإِنَّهُ أَقَامَ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَيَّامٍ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ. وَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ فَفِيهِ نِزَاعٌ. وَالْأَحْوَطُ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الصَّلَاةَ. وَأَمَّا إنْ قَالَ غَدًا أُسَافِرُ أَوْ بَعْدَ غَدٍ أُسَافِرُ وَلَمْ يَنْوِ الْمُقَامَ فَإِنَّهُ يَقْصُرُ أَبَدًا فَإِنَّ {النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ وَأَقَامَ بِتَبُوكَ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ} . وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ إلَى الْخَرِبَةِ لِأَجْلِ الْحُمَّى وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يُقِيمُ مُدَّةَ شَهْرَيْنِ. فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ الْقَصْرُ؟ وَإِذَا جَازَ الْقَصْرُ. فَالْإِتْمَامُ أَفْضَلُ أَمْ الْقَصْرُ؟

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