Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

and if there is no one with him to perform ablution or dry ablution for him, he should pray as his condition allows, whether lying on his back with his feet toward the qiblah or on his side with his face toward the qiblah. If there is no one with him to turn him toward the qiblah, he should pray facing whatever direction he is turned, east or west. And Allah, glorified and exalted is He, knows best.

Shaykh al-Islam was asked:

Is it permissible for a woman to pray sitting when she is able to stand?

He replied:

SECTION

An obligatory prayer offered sitting when one is able to stand is invalid, whether offered by a man or a woman. Indeed, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“Pray standing; if you cannot, then sitting; and if you cannot, then lying on your side.”

However, it is permissible to offer voluntary prayers sitting. It is also permissible to offer voluntary prayers on a mount while travelling, facing whatever direction it takes its rider, for the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—used to

وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَنْ يُوَضِّئُهُ وَلَا يُيَمِّمُهُ صَلَّى عَلَى حَسَبِ حَالِهِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ عَلَى قَفَاهُ وَرِجْلَاهُ إلَى الْقِبْلَةِ أَوْ عَلَى جَنْبِهِ وَوَجْهُهُ إلَى الْقِبْلَةِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَنْ يُوَجِّهُهُ إلَى الْقِبْلَةِ صَلَّى إلَى أَيِّ جِهَةٍ تَوَجَّهَ شَرْقًا أَوْ غَرْبًا وَاَللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ شَيْخُ الْإِسْلَامِ: هَلْ تَجُوزُ صَلَاةُ الْمَرْأَةِ قَاعِدَةً مَعَ قُدْرَتِهَا عَلَى الْقِيَامِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: فَصْلٌ: وَأَمَّا صَلَاةُ الْفَرْضِ قَاعِدًا مَعَ الْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى الْقِيَامِ فَلَا تَصِحُّ لَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَلَا امْرَأَةٍ بَلْ قَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ {صَلِّ قَائِمًا فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَقَاعِدًا فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَى جَنْبِك} . وَلَكِنْ يَجُوزُ التَّطَوُّعُ جَالِسًا وَيَجُوزُ التَّطَوُّعُ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ فِي السَّفَرِ قِبَلَ أَيِّ جِهَةٍ تَوَجَّهَتْ بِصَاحِبِهَا فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ

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