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The first view is that the prayer is not valid, as Abū Hanīfah holds. The second is that it is valid, as al-Shāfi‘ī holds. And Allah knows best.
He was asked:
“Regarding a congregational mosque beside the marketplace, from which the proclamation ‘Allah is Most Great’ can be heard: is it permissible to perform Friday prayer in the marketplace, on its roof, or in the shops, or not?”
He replied:
Praise be to Allah. If the congregational mosque is full, it is permissible to pray in the streets. When these are full, people may pray in the shops and other premises between them. But if the rows are not continuous, it is not permissible. The same applies to praying on rooftops. And Allah knows best.
أَحَدُهُمَا:
لَا تَصِحُّ كَقَوْلِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ.
وَالثَّانِي:
تَصِحُّ كَقَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
وَسُئِلَ:
عَنْ جَامِعٍ بِجَانِبِ السُّوقِ بِحَيْثُ يُسْمَعُ التَّكْبِيرُ مِنْهُ:
هَلْ تَجُوزُ صَلَاةُ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي السُّوقِ؟ أَوْ عَلَى سَطْحِ السُّوقِ؟ أَوْ فِي الدَّكَاكِينِ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ .
فَأَجَابَ:
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، إذَا امْتَلَأَ الْجَامِعُ جَازَ أَنْ يُصَلَّى فِي الطُّرُقَاتِ. فَإِذَا امْتَلَأَتْ صَلَّوْا فِيمَا بَيْنَهَا مِنْ الْحَوَانِيتِ. وَغَيْرِهَا. وَأَمَّا إذَا لَمْ تَتَّصِلْ الصُّفُوفُ فَلَا. وَكَذَلِكَ فَوْقَ الأسطحة وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.