better performed with dry ablution than allowed to lapse. However, there are two views on whether he must repeat it, both found within the school of Ahmad and in other schools. Someone who lets the prescribed time lapse cannot repeat the prayer, as has been explained at length elsewhere.
In any case, the explicit text, together with their agreement, establishes that the prohibition does not encompass every prayer. The majority have supported making up missed prayers at a prohibited time by citing his statement in the authentic hadith recorded by both al-Bukhārī and Muslim:
“Whoever sleeps through a prayer or forgets it, let him offer it when he remembers it. There is no expiation for it other than that.”
The hadith of Abū Qatādah, also recorded by both al-Bukhārī and Muslim, states—in Muslim’s wording:
“There is no negligence in sleep; negligence lies only in wakefulness, when someone does not offer a prayer until the time for the next prayer arrives. Whoever does that, let him offer it when he awakens, and when the next day comes, let him offer it at its proper time.”
He thus commanded him to pray when he awakens and when he remembers, and this encompasses every time. This general wording takes precedence over the general wording of the prohibition, because it has been established that the latter does not encompass obligatory prayer, whether performed within its time or made up afterward: it does not encompass that day’s ‘Asr prayer, nor does it encompass the second rak‘ah of Fajr.
Furthermore, when he awakens or remembers, that is the time for that prayer. Performing it then is therefore performing it within its time, just as one performs that day’s ‘Asr within its time. Moreover, the former has an excuse, whereas the latter does not. It may, however, be objected:
If this person who has missed the prayer were to delay it until the prohibited time ended, he would not thereby miss it a second time. This differs from ‘Asr, which would lapse if he did not offer it then; the same applies to the second rak‘ah of Fajr.