Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (23/171)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

and prostration in response to signs. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) did not call this prayer, nor was forming rows and having an imam stand ahead of the congregation prescribed for it, as is prescribed for the funeral prayer, the two prostrations for forgetfulness performed after the salutation of peace, and all other prayers. Nor did the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) prescribe a salutation of peace for it. No such practice has been reported from him through either an authentic or a weak chain of transmission; rather, it is an innovation. Nor did he prescribe an opening declaration of “Allah is Greatest” for it. It has only been reported that he declared “Allah is Greatest” during it, either when rising or when lowering himself. This hadith is in the Sunan collections.

Ibn Abbās permitted dry ablution for the funeral prayer when water was unavailable. This is the view of many scholars, and it is the position of Abū Hanīfah and of Ahmad according to one of the two reports from him. This indicates that Ibn Abbās considered ritual purification a condition for it. Likewise, these features are absent from circumambulation: it has no salutation of peace, speaking during it is permissible, and it involves neither rows nor an imam. Allah has mentioned those who circumambulate alongside those who pray, both in His Book and in the Sunnah of His Messenger. It has not been reported that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) commanded ritual purification for circumambulation. However, he and the Companions would circumambulate in a state of ritual purity, and they would offer the two units of prayer after circumambulation. Prayer is offered only in a state of ritual purity. The prohibition reported concerns only circumambulation by a menstruating woman, for he said:

“A menstruating woman performs all the pilgrimage rites except circumambulation of the House.”

Some have said that this is on account of the mosque; others, on account of circumambulation; and others, on account of both. Allah Most High said to Abraham (peace be upon him):

“And purify My House for those who circumambulate it.”

This therefore entails purifying it of menstrual blood and other impurities.

وَسُجُودِ الْآيَاتِ. فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ ذَلِكَ صَلَاةً وَلَمْ يُشْرَعْ لَهَا الِاصْطِفَافُ وَتَقَدُّمُ الْإِمَامِ كَمَا يُشْرَعُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجِنَازَةِ وَسَجْدَتَيْ السَّهْوِ بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ وَسَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ. وَلَا سَنَّ فِيهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَلَامًا لَمْ يُرْوَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ لَا بِإِسْنَادِ صَحِيحٍ وَلَا ضَعِيفٍ بَلْ هُوَ بِدْعَةٌ وَلَا جَعَلَ لَهَا تَكْبِيرَ افْتِتَاحٍ وَإِنَّمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَبَّرَ فِيهَا إمَّا لِلرَّفْعِ وَإِمَّا لِلْخَفْضِ. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي السُّنَنِ. وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ جَوَّزَ التَّيَمُّمَ لِلْجِنَازَةِ عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الْمَاءِ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَحْمَد فِي إحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الطَّهَارَةَ تُشْتَرَطُ لَهَا عِنْدَهُ وَكَذَلِكَ هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتُ مُنْتَفِيَةٌ فِي الطَّوَافِ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ تَسْلِيمٌ وَالْكَلَامُ جَائِزٌ فِيهِ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ اصْطِفَافٌ وَإِمَامٌ وَقَدْ قَرَنَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ بَيْنَ الطَّائِفِ وَالْمُصَلِّي وَلَمْ يَرِدْ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِالطَّهَارَةِ لِلطَّوَافِ لَكِنَّهُ كَانَ يَطُوفُ مُتَطَهِّرًا هُوَ وَالصَّحَابَةُ وَكَانُوا يُصَلُّونَ رَكْعَتَيْ الطَّوَافِ بَعْدَ الطَّوَافِ وَلَا يُصَلِّي إلَّا مُتَطَهِّرًا وَالنَّهْيُ إنَّمَا جَاءَ فِي طَوَافِ الْحَائِضِ فَقَالَ: {الْحَائِضُ تَقْضِي الْمَنَاسِكَ كُلَّهَا إلَّا الطَّوَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ} وَقَدْ قِيلَ إنَّ ذَلِكَ لِأَجْلِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَقِيلَ: لِأَجْلِ الطَّوَافِ وَقِيلَ: لَهُمَا. وَاَللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ {وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ} فَاقْتَضَى ذَلِكَ تَطْهِيرَهُ مِنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ وَغَيْرِهِ.