it is prescribed only when the recitation is audible. When the recitation is silent, there is no audible voice to listen to.

Another example of this is performing a prayer occasioned by a specific reason, such as the prayer of greeting the mosque, after Fajr and ʿAsr. Some scholars recommend this, while others consider it either forbidden or merely discouraged. The Sunnah establishes it as either recommended or disliked. The correct view is that it is recommended. This is the position of al-Shāfiʿī and one of the two positions reported from Ahmad, adopted by a group of his followers.

The hadiths prohibiting prayer at these times, such as his statement:

“There is no prayer after Fajr until the sun rises, and no prayer after ʿAsr until the sun sets,”

are general statements subject to exceptions. Funeral prayers are excluded by the agreement of the Muslims. Making up missed prayers is also excluded by his statement:

“Whoever catches one rakʿah of the dawn prayer before the sun rises has caught the dawn prayer.”

It is also authentically established that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, “made up the two rakʿahs of Zuhr after ʿAsr.”

“He said to the two men whom he saw after Fajr at the mosque of al-Khayf, who had not prayed: ‘If you have prayed in your lodgings and then come to a mosque where a congregation is praying, pray with them, for it will be a voluntary prayer for you.’”

He also said:

“O descendants of ʿAbd Manāf, do not prevent anyone from circumambulating this House and praying in it at whatever hour he wishes, by night or by day.”

These explicit texts demonstrate that an exception has been made to that general rule.