Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (22/220)

intend to fast. If he knows that tomorrow is Eid, he will not intend to fast that night.

The same applies to prayer. If he knows that the prayer being held is the dawn or noon prayer, and knows that he wishes to perform the dawn or noon prayer, then that is necessarily the prayer he intends. He cannot know that it is the dawn prayer yet intend the noon prayer. Likewise, if he knows that he is praying as an imam or following an imam, he necessarily intends that. Intention necessarily follows knowledge and belief: if he knows what he wishes to do, he must intend it.

Thus, if he knows that he wishes to perform the noon prayer, and knows that this prayer is the noon prayer, he cannot intend another prayer. Even if he believes that its time has ended, his prayer is valid by agreement of the imams. Likewise, if he believes that its time has ended and therefore intends to perform the prayer after its prescribed time, but it turns out that he performed it within its time, his prayer is valid by agreement of the imams.

If he intends to offer the funeral prayer for the deceased before him—whoever that may be—and thinks the deceased is a man when it is a woman, his prayer is valid despite the discrepancy with what he intended. But if he intends to offer the funeral prayer only for someone he believes to be a particular person, and he prays over someone he believes to be that person, only to discover that it was someone else, then in this case he did not intend to pray over the person before him.

أَنْ يَنْوِيَ الصِّيَامَ فَإِذَا عَلِمَ أَنَّ غَدًا الْعِيدَ لَمْ يَنْوِ الصِّيَامَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ. وَكَذَلِكَ الصَّلَاةُ: فَإِذَا عَلِمَ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الْقَائِمَةَ صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ أَوْ الظُّهْرِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ أَوْ الظُّهْرِ فَإِنَّهُ إنَّمَا يَنْوِي تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةَ لَا يُمْكِنُهُ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهَا الْفَجْرُ وَيَنْوِي الظُّهْرَ. وَكَذَلِكَ إذَا عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ يُصَلِّي إمَامًا أَوْ مَأْمُومًا؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَنْوِيَ ذَلِكَ وَالنِّيَّةُ تَتْبَعُ الْعِلْمَ وَالِاعْتِقَادَ اتِّبَاعًا ضَرُورِيًّا إذَا كَانَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ فَلَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَنْوِيَهُ. فَإِذَا كَانَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الظُّهْرَ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةَ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ امْتَنَعَ أَنْ يَقْصِدَ غَيْرَهَا وَلَوْ اعْتَقَدَ أَنَّ الْوَقْتَ قَدْ خَرَجَ أَجْزَأَتْهُ صَلَاتُهُ بِاتِّفَاقِ الْأَئِمَّةِ. وَلَوْ اعْتَقَدَ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ فَنَوَى الصَّلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْوَقْتِ فَتَبَيَّنَ أَنَّهَا فِي الْوَقْتِ أَجْزَأَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ بِاتِّفَاقِ الْأَئِمَّةِ. وَإِذَا كَانَ قَصْدُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى الْجِنَازَةِ - أَيِّ جِنَازَةٍ كَانَتْ - فَظَنَّهَا رَجُلًا وَكَانَتْ امْرَأَةً صَحَّتْ صَلَاتُهُ بِخِلَافِ مَا نَوَى. وَإِذَا كَانَ مَقْصُودُهُ أَنْ لَا يُصَلِّيَ إلَّا عَلَى مَنْ يَعْتَقِدُهُ فُلَانًا وَصَلَّى عَلَى مَنْ يَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّهُ فُلَانٌ فَتَبَيَّنَ غَيْرَهُ فَإِنَّهُ هُنَا لَمْ يَقْصِدْ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْحَاضِرِ.