Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (22/161)

He was also asked:

May a person pray in a bathhouse if he fears that the prayer time will expire, or not?

He answered:

If he goes to the bathhouse intending to bathe, leave, and pray outside within the prescribed time, but then finds himself with no choice but to pray in the bathhouse or miss the prayer, praying in the bathhouse is better than missing the prayer. Praying in a bathhouse is comparable to praying in a latrine, in places affected by ritual impurity, and the like. Whoever is in such an impure place and cannot leave it before the prayer time expires should pray there rather than let the time expire, because observing the prescribed time takes precedence over observing all other obligations.

However, if he knows that, by going to the bathhouse, he will be unable to leave before the prayer time expires, this question has already been discussed. The stronger view is that he should perform tayammum (dry purification) and pray, for praying with tayammum is better than praying in places where prayer is prohibited or praying after the prescribed time has expired.

وَسُئِلَ: هَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِي الْحَمَّامِ، إذَا خَافَ خُرُوجَ الْوَقْتِ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: أَمَّا إذَا ذَهَبَ إلَى الْحَمَّامِ لِيَغْتَسِلَ وَيَخْرُجَ وَيُصَلِّيَ خَارِجَ الْحَمَّامِ فِي الْوَقْتِ فَلَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ إلَّا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِي الْحَمَّامِ أَوْ تَفُوتَ الصَّلَاةُ فَالصَّلَاةُ فِي الْحَمَّامِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ تَفْوِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْحَمَّامِ كَالصَّلَاةِ فِي الْحُشِّ وَالْمَوَاضِعِ النَّجِسَةِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ. وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ نَجِسٍ وَلَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَفُوتَ الْوَقْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ وَلَا يُفَوِّتُ الْوَقْتَ لِأَنَّ مُرَاعَاةَ الْوَقْتِ مُقَدَّمَةٌ عَلَى مُرَاعَاةِ جَمِيعِ الْوَاجِبَاتِ. وَأَمَّا إنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ إذَا ذَهَبَ إلَى الْحَمَّامِ لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ الْخُرُوجُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ الْوَقْتُ فَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ وَالْأَظْهَرُ أَنَّهُ يُصَلِّي بِالتَّيَمُّمِ فَإِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ بِالتَّيَمُّمِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْأَمَاكِنِ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنْهَا وَعَنْ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ الْوَقْتِ.