As for the three prayer times, authentic hadiths narrated by Ibn ‘Umar, Anas ibn Mālik, and Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal establish:

“He would combine the noon and afternoon prayers, and the sunset and night prayers, performing them at the time of the second prayer when he was pressing on with his journey during the time of the first, or was travelling during that time.”

This is agreed upon by those jurists among the scholars of hadith and the scholars of the Hijāz who permit combining two prayers. Likewise, it is narrated from him:

“During the expedition to Tabūk, when he set out after the sun had passed its zenith, he would perform the noon and afternoon prayers together.”

The compilers of the Sunan collections narrated this from Mu‘ādh. Muslim also narrated in his Sahīh from Mu‘ādh:

“The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, combined the noon and afternoon prayers, and the sunset and night prayers, during the expedition to Tabūk.”

They differed only concerning a traveller who remains encamped throughout the times of both prayers. There are two positions reported from Ahmad:

The first is that he should not combine them, because there is neither a Sunnah precedent nor a need for doing so. This is Mālik’s position and the view preferred by al-Khiraqī.

The second is that he may combine them. This is al-Shāfi‘ī’s position, based on a hadith concerning this situation, also narrated by Abū Dāwūd. Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr mentioned that no other hadith on the matter had been narrated.

It is also established by authentic hadiths and by scholarly agreement:

“During the Farewell Pilgrimage, he combined the noon and afternoon prayers at ‘Arafah, and the sunset and night prayers at Muzdalifah.”

It is also established in the two Sahīh collections, through a hadith narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās:

“He prayed seven and eight units of prayer in Medina: the noon and afternoon prayers