Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Chapter: The Conditions of Prayer

He—may Allah have mercy on him—said:

Section

When they begin their discussion of prayer with its prescribed times, the jurists of hadith have drawn upon all the texts reported from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, concerning the permissible times and the preferred times.

The time for Fajr extends from the appearance of true dawn until sunrise. The time for Zuhr extends from the sun’s passing its zenith until the shadow of each object equals its height, excluding the shadow present at the zenith. The time for Asr extends until the sun turns yellow, according to the apparent position of Ahmad’s school. The time for Maghrib extends until the twilight disappears. The time for Isha extends until the midpoint of the night, according to the apparent position of Ahmad’s school.

This is precisely what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stated in the hadith

بَابُ شُرُوطِ الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: فَصْلٌ: وَأَمَّا إذَا ابْتَدَءُوا الصَّلَاةَ بِالْمَوَاقِيتِ فَفُقَهَاءُ الْحَدِيثِ قَدْ اسْتَعْمَلُوا فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ جَمِيعَ النُّصُوصِ الْوَارِدَةِ. عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَوْقَاتِ الْجَوَازِ. وَأَوْقَاتِ الِاخْتِيَارِ. فَوَقْتُ الْفَجْرِ: مَا بَيْنَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ الصَّادِقِ إلَى طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَوَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ: مِنْ الزَّوَالِ إلَى مَصِيرِ ظِلِّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلِهِ سِوَى فَيْءِ الزَّوَالِ وَوَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ: إلَى اصْفِرَارِ الشَّمْسِ عَلَى ظَاهِرِ مَذْهَبِ أَحْمَد وَوَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ: إلَى مَغِيبِ الشَّفَقِ وَوَقْتُ الْعِشَاءِ: إلَى مُنْتَصَفِ اللَّيْلِ عَلَى ظَاهِرِ مَذْهَبِ أَحْمَد. وَهَذَا بِعَيْنِهِ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ

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