its coming into contact with and directly touching the body is all the more firmly established. This is conclusive and admits of no doubt. It follows that whatever is forbidden to touch or come into contact with is also forbidden to mingle and blend with the body, but the converse does not hold. Thus, everything ritually impure is forbidden to eat, but not everything forbidden to eat is ritually impure. This is a thoroughly precise distinction.

Third:

All jurists agree that the default ruling concerning physical substances is ritual purity, that impure substances are exhaustively enumerated, and that whatever falls outside those defined limits is ritually pure. They say the same concerning what invalidates ablution, what necessitates a full ritual bath, whom one may not marry, and similar matters. For this is the ultimate distinction between opposing categories: you find one side precisely defined and delimited, while the other is unrestricted and open-ended. Allah Most High is the Guide to what is correct.

Chapter One

On the Ritual Purity of Dung and Urine from Animals and Birds Whose Consumption Is Not Forbidden

There are several proofs for this.

The First Proof:

The general principle is that all physical substances are ritually pure until their impurity becomes evident. Everything whose impurity has not been made clear to us is therefore ritually pure. The impurity of these substances has not been made clear to us; therefore, they are ritually pure. The first premise of this proof has already been established through manifest proofs and compelling arguments.

As for the second, we say:

Negative claims fall into