The answer to the first objection is:

All impure substances became impure through transformation. A person eats food and drinks liquids that are pure; they then turn into blood, urine and excrement, becoming impure.

Likewise, an animal is pure while alive. When it dies, waste substances are retained within it, and its condition after death differs from its condition during life, so it becomes impure. This is why, according to the majority of scholars, its hide becomes pure through tanning, whether tanning is considered equivalent to life or to lawful slaughter. These are two well-known scholarly views, and the Sunnah indicates that tanning is equivalent to lawful slaughter.

As for wine deliberately turned into vinegar, the reason is that keeping wine is forbidden, whether it is kept for the purpose of making vinegar or otherwise. Purity is a blessing, and a blessing cannot be acquired through a forbidden act.

He was also asked:

A man travels in winter, gets wet from rain and dampness, and touches the animals’ foreparts, their saddles and other things that a traveller can scarcely avoid. He stays at places contaminated with impurity and spreads his bedding over them, along with other familiar circumstances of travel. Is this overlooked? And if it is overlooked, then, upon returning to his hometown, is he