what comes after it.” This is one of the two opinions within the school of Ahmad and others. Ahmad explicitly stated it in the transmission recorded by Ismā'īl ibn Sa'īd al-Shālanjī, on which Ibrāhīm ibn Ya'qūb al-Jawzajānī wrote a commentary. It is among the most distinguished collections of legal questions.

This is because trailing hems repeatedly come into contact with impurity, making them comparable to the underside of leather footwear and the area cleansed after relieving oneself. Since the Lawgiver has allowed solid substances to remove impurity from other things out of necessity—as when cleansing oneself with stones—and has made solid substances purifying, it follows that this property is not exclusive to water. If solid substances are not rendered impure by impurities transformed into them, this applies all the more to liquids, since they bring about transformation more thoroughly and rapidly. A detailed treatment of these questions and related matters belongs elsewhere.

As for those who hold that oil becomes impure through what falls into it, there are two opinions within the schools of Mālik, al-Shāfi'ī, and Ahmad concerning whether it may be used as lamp fuel. The stronger opinion permits this, as has been reported from a number of the Companions. There are also two views within the schools of Mālik, al-Shāfi'ī, and Ahmad concerning whether it becomes pure through washing.

The first is that it becomes pure through washing. This was the view preferred by Ibn Shurayh, Abū al-Khattāb, Ibn Sha'bān, and others. It is the well-known position within the school of al-Shāfi'ī and others.

The second is that it does not become pure through washing, and this is the position held by most of them. This disagreement also applies to