Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (21/470)

He answered, may Allah have mercy on him:

According to most scholars, he should bathe and should not pray after performing dry ablution in such a case. And Allah knows best.

Shaykh al-Islām was asked:

If the prayer time begins while someone is in a state of major ritual impurity, and he fears that performing ritual purification will cause him to miss the prescribed time, is he permitted to perform dry ablution or not?

He answered:

If the prayer time begins while he is awake, but water is far away and he fears that seeking it will cause him to miss the prayer, or if it is cold and he fears that heating the water or going to the bathhouse will cause him to miss the prayer, then he should pray after performing dry ablution, according to the school of Ahmad and the majority of scholars.

If, however, he awakens near the end of the prescribed time and fears that the sun will rise while he is purifying himself, then in this case he should pray after sunrise, having performed ablution. There is disagreement on this among the majority of scholars, as in one of the two positions reported from Mālik. In this case, he was only commanded to pray upon awakening. Whoever sleeps through a prayer should perform it upon awakening; that is its prescribed time for him.

فَأَجَابَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ يَغْتَسِلُ وَلَا يُصَلِّي بِالتَّيَمُّمِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ شَيْخُ الْإِسْلَامِ: إذَا دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ وَيَخْشَى إنْ اشْتَغَلَ بِفِعْلِ الطَّهَارَةِ يَفُوتُهُ الْوَقْتُ فَهَلْ يُبَاحُ لَهُ التَّيَمُّمُ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ . فَأَجَابَ: إذَا دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ وَهُوَ مُسْتَيْقِظٌ وَالْمَاءُ بَعِيدٌ مِنْهُ يَخَافُ إنْ طَلَبَهُ أَنْ تَفُوتَهُ الصَّلَاةُ أَوْ كَانَ الْوَقْتُ بَارِدًا يَخَافُ إنْ سَخَّنَهُ أَوْ ذَهَبَ إلَى الْحَمَّامِ فَاتَتْ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِنَّهُ يُصَلِّي بِالتَّيَمُّمِ فِي مَذْهَبِ أَحْمَد وَجُمْهُورِ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَإِنْ اسْتَيْقَظَ آخِرَ الْوَقْتِ وَخَافَ إنْ تَطَهَّرَ طَلَعَتْ الشَّمْسُ فَإِنَّهُ يُصَلِّي هُنَا بِالْوُضُوءِ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ فَإِنَّ عِنْدَ جُمْهُورِ الْعُلَمَاءِ اخْتِلَافًا. كَإِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ فَإِنَّهُ هُنَا إنَّمَا خُوطِبَ بِالصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ اسْتِيقَاظِهِ وَمَنْ نَامَ عَنْ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا إذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ وَقْتَهَا فِي حَقِّهِ.