or not? If it does, should ablution come before dry ablution, or vice versa? Must dry ablution be performed anew for every prayer, or may several prayers be offered with a single dry ablution?

If a woman’s menstruation ends toward the end of the day—or the night—and she is unable to perform the ritual bath because of the cold or some other reason, should she perform dry ablution and pray? Must she make up the prayers of the day—or night—in which her menstruation ended?

If someone sustains a wound or fracture and bandages it, should he wipe over the bandage, or should the injured person perform dry ablution instead of ablution with water? He may be unable to let water flow over some limbs because of the wound or fracture. Should he refrain from intercourse in this condition, or may he have intercourse and perform dry ablution, even if he knows that treatment will take a long time and he will therefore continue performing dry ablution for a prolonged period? May a woman likewise refuse her husband intercourse if she is unable to perform the ritual bath, or should she comply with his wishes and perform dry ablution?

If someone finds that the bathhouse is so far away that the prayer time will have elapsed by the time he reaches it, should he perform dry ablution, or go there even if the prayer time elapses? If someone fears missing the congregational prayer if he purifies himself with water, may he perform dry ablution in order to join the congregation, or not?

If someone is with companions who wish to combine prayers, is it better for him to combine prayers with them so as to pray in congregation, or to pray alone at the prescribed time? He may himself be their imam: which is better for him—combining prayers, or praying alone at the prescribed time for each prayer?

If someone practises a trade alongside other craftsmen, and praying at the prescribed time causes him hardship and leaves the other craftsmen idle, may he combine the two prayers? Likewise, if someone is engaged in ploughing and cultivation and finds it difficult to seek water, may he perform dry ablution and pray?

And someone who performs dry ablution—