in reports concerning this practice. He stipulated that, for wiping over it to be permissible, it must be wound beneath the chin. Al-Qādī and his followers adopted this position, and they mentioned two juristic views concerning a turban with a trailing end.

Some of Ahmad’s companions said: “If, according to one of the two reports from him, Ahmad permits wiping over daniyyāt caps—that is, large caps—then wiping over a turban is all the more deserving of being permitted.”

The early Muslims used to wind their turbans beneath their chins because they rode horses and fought in Allah’s cause. Unless they secured their turbans beneath their chins, they would fall off, making it impossible to gallop their horses while wearing them. This is why Ahmad mentioned that the people of Syria maintained this sunnah: in his time, they were the ones engaged in fighting in Allah’s cause. Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh related, with his chain of transmission, that the children of the Emigrants and the Helpers used to wear turbans without winding them beneath their chins. This was because they were living in the Hijaz during the time of the Successors and were not engaged in fighting.

Ishāq and others permitted wearing turbans without winding them beneath the chin. When fighting troops needed to secure their turbans, they began fastening them with hooks, bands, or similar means. This serves the same purpose as winding them beneath the chin, just as some of the early Muslims used to tie the end of their turban around their waist, while belts serve the same purpose. Removing a turban secured with a band and hooks entails the same difficulty as removing one wound beneath the chin. The Prophet’s practice of wiping over the turban, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, has been established through several chains of transmission