The second condition is that the leather sock must stay in place by itself. Al-Shāfiʿī and those followers of Ahmad who agree with him have stipulated this. Thus, if it stays in place only when secured with something small, or with a cord attached to it or separate from it, or something similar, it may not be wiped over. If it stays in place by itself but covers the entire required area only when fastened—as with a tall, slit zarbūl (a type of footwear), which stays in place by itself but covers up to the ankles only when fastened—there are two views, the sounder of which permits wiping over it.

This condition has no basis in Ahmad’s statements. Rather, he explicitly states in several places that socks may be wiped over even if they do not stay in place by themselves but are held in place by sandals beneath them, and that one may wipe over the socks so long as one does not remove the sandals.

Since Ahmad does not require socks to stay in place by themselves, but permits wiping over them if they are held in place by sandals, this applies all the more to other footwear. Here, the socks are held in place by sandals that are separate from them. If the socks are held in place by tying them with their own cords, there is even stronger reason to permit wiping over them.

If this is the case with socks, then a zarbūl that stays in place only by means of a strap used to fasten it, whether attached to it or separate from it, has an even stronger claim to being wiped over than socks do. The same applies to foot coverings made of fur, cotton, or other materials: if they are held in place by tying them with a cord, whether attached or separate, there is all the more reason to permit wiping over them.

If it is objected, “This would entail permitting wiping over wrappings, that is, to